Java Island, with an area of ​​approximately 128,297 km2, has many volcanoes because it is geographically part of the Sunda Volcanic Arc. Of the thirty-eight mountains that stretch across the island, twenty are located in the working area of ​​Burung Indonesia: West Java. The activity of a number of these volcanoes produces lava flows, ash deposits, and nutrient-rich lahars, which have a direct impact on soil fertility and play an important role in the formation of the West Java Mountain Rainforest Ecological Area.

Natural forests in the lowlands of West Java include several forest subtypes, including tropical rainforests, seasonal forests, swamp forests and mangrove forests. Western Java is wetter than the eastern part of the island and its forests are richer in species, a large number of which are endemic species. Based on BPS data in 2019, the forest area in West Java was 7768.3 km2, including protected forests of 1701.4 km2 and conservation forests of 2259.36 km2.

From a survey conducted by Burung Indonesia in nine mountain forest areas (Mount Slamet, Cikuray, Limbung, Kencana, Wayang-Windu, Malabar, Patuha, and Masigit) and one conservation area (Mount Tilu Nature Reserve), information was obtained on 222 species of birds, 35 species of mammals, and 45 species of herpetofauna inhabiting the mountain forests of western Java. This means that 80% of endemic birds, 86% of birds with restricted distributions, 20% of endemic mammals, and 42% of endemic herpetofauna of Java Island were found from the survey locations. Many of these species, such as the Javan gibbon, Javan leopard, and Javan hawk-eagle, are categorized by the IUCN as threatened due to rapid habitat loss and human exploitation. Two endemic bird species, the Javan green magpie and the horse-billed poksai, are classified as Critically Endangered due to intense pressure from trapping for the live bird trade.

Communities living around the edges of forest areas in Java benefit from the forests, legally or illegally. They depend on the forests for a constant supply of water and for preventing floods and landslides, and they have a vital role in forest conservation.

With no less than 25 rivers, West Java is an ideal area for cultivating various agricultural crops. Rice fields in Java are among the most fertile in the world, with production reaching 9.1 million tons in 2021 in West Java Province. Other varieties cultivated include cloves, sugar cane, coconut, cocoa, tea and coffee. Another sector developed is fisheries, where the catch at sea reached 234 thousand tons and inland waters 16 thousand tons in 2020. Many people also work as livestock breeders, with cattle and chicken being the largest, and fresh cow’s milk production.

The potential natural resources for the mining sector include limestone, marble, gold, silver, sulfur, iron ore and coal. Pangandaran Beach recorded the highest number of visits, namely 3.6 million tourists in 2021. The significant difference in the number of tourists shows that tourism potential in other areas is still open to development. Another natural potential is the use of geothermal energy which has been developed in four Conservation Areas, namely Mount Halimun Salak National Park, Kamojang Nature Reserve, Kamojang Crater Nature Tourism Park and Papandayan Nature Reserve.